Cytoplasm All cells in the human body have three distinctive parts. These are the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the cell membrane. The cell membrane is the outer-boundary of a cell, and it contains various channels to let materials into and out of a cell. The nucleus is at the center of the cell, and it […]
SECTION 6.d. PATHOLOGY TESTS INCLUDING ER, PR & HER2
Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Section 6.d. CONTENTS: 6.10 What is ‘Triple Negative Breast Cancer’ (TNBC)? 6.11 Molecular Techniques in Breast Cancer Diagnosis Forward to section 7A on breast cancer staging. Back to 6C about ER, PR and HER2 6.10 What is ‘Triple Negative Breast Cancer’ (TNBC)? Immunohistochemical studies and gene expression profiling have identified […]
SECTION 6.a. PATHOLOGY TESTS INCLUDING ER, PR & HER2
The Breast Cancer Pathology Report and Biopsy: Section 6.a. CONTENTS: 6.1 The Breast Cancer Pathology Report 6.2 Tissue Sampling and Examination 6.2.1 Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology 6.2.2 Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) 6.2.3 Excision Biopsy 6.2.4 Frozen Section 6.2.5 Lymph Node Sampling 6.3 Light Microscopy and Diagnostic Histopathology 6.3.1 Reporting FNA Cytology 6.3.2 Reporting Core […]
SECTION 6.c. PATHOLOGY TESTS INCLUDING ER, PR & HER2
ER, PR and HER2 Tests: Section 6.c. CONTENTS: 6.8 ‘Predictive’ Breast Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Hormone Receptor Positive Status: ER and PR 6.8.1 Hormone Receptor Positive Testing: ER and PR 6.8.2 How is ER and PR Expression by IHC Quantified? 6.9 ‘Predictive’ Breast Immunohistochemistry (IHC): HER2 6.9.1 FDA Approved Tests for HER2 6.9.2 How is HER2 Expression […]
Sonographic characteristics of solid breast nodules
The hypoechoic Mass – Solid breast nodule or Lump Benign or malignant ultrasound characteristics of Solid Breast Nodules Ultrasound is a useful diagnostic tool for breast cancer detection. Breast ultrasound is used to distinguish solid from cystic masses using sound waves. Is it a hypoechoic mass or is it a hyperechoic lesion? Is it a […]
SECTION 6.b. PATHOLOGY TESTS INCLUDING ER, PR & HER2
Pathology Tests and Immunohistochemistry: Section 6.b. CONTENTS: 6.4 Histochemistry (‘Special Stains’) 6.5 What is Immunohistochemistry (IHC)? 6.6 ‘Diagnostic’ Breast Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 6.6.1 Diagnostic Breast Immunohistochemistry Markers 6.6.2 Examples of the Use of IHC in Breast Pathology Problem Solving i. Epithelial Hyperplasia versus Epithelial Atypia versus DCIS ii. Is Micro-invasive Carcinoma Present? iii. Radial Scar […]
Vesicular nucleli, nucleus and nucleoli
Vesicular Nucleus Each cell has a nucleus. One nucleus usually. If you are talking about one cell having vesicular nucleus, that’s fine. When you are talking about multiple cells, the plural would be vesicular nuclei. Vesicular Nuclei Under the microscope, you can see the cells that were from a biopsy specimen, and the pathologists look […]